The Science Behind ProBiora3®

Dr. Jeffrey D. Hillman, DMD, PhD

Founder & Chief Scientific Officer, Oragenics — Creator of ProBiora3

The research behind ProBiora3 didn't happen overnight. It began at the Harvard-affiliated Forsyth Institute in Boston, continued at the University of Florida, and spanned more than 35 years of dedicated scientific inquiry into one question: what does a genuinely healthy mouth look like at the microbial level?

Dr. Jeffrey Hillman — a Harvard-trained dentist and microbiologist with over 125 published papers on cavities, periodontal disease, and oral infectious disease — answered that question by isolating the three bacterial strains native to healthy teeth and gums. Those strains became ProBiora3®, the patented blend at the heart of every ProBiora product.

This library is the body of evidence behind that work. Every study here contributed to building, validating, or expanding the science of oral probiotics. Browse by category to explore the research.

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Browse the Research

Clinical Research Library

Probiotics for oral health: a critical evaluation of bacterial strains

Authors: Rachelle E. Beattie — ProBiora Health, LLCJournal: Frontiers in Microbiology | Published: June 24, 2024 | PMID: 38979537DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430810AbstractOral...

Jun 23 2024
Retrospective Review of Oral Probiotic Therapy

Authors: Mark L. Cannon, Ashlee Vorachek, Catherine Le, Kevin White — Northwestern University and Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital,...

Feb 06 2024
Cariogenic potential in vitro in man and in vivo in the rat of lactate dehydrogenase mutants of Streptococcus Mutans

Authors: Christine P. Johnson, S.M. Gross, J.D. Hillman — Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, MA Journal: Archives of...

Nov 12 2019
Bacterial Interference in the oral ecology of Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans and its relationship to human periodontists

Authors: J.D. Hillman, S.S. Socransky — Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, MA Journal: Archives of Oral Biology | Published: 1982 |...

Nov 12 2019
Associations between microbial species in subgingival plaque samples

Authors: S.S. Socransky, A.D. Haffajee, J.L. Dzink, J.D. Hillman — The Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, MA Journal: Oral Microbiology and...

Nov 11 2019
Interaction between wild-type, mutant and revertant forms of the bacterium Streptococcus Sanguis and the Bacterium Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans in vitro and in the gnotobiotic rat

Authors: J.D. Hillman, M. Shivers — Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, MA Journal: Archives of Oral Biology | Published: 1988 |...

Nov 11 2019
Effect of probiotic chewing tablets on early childhood caries – a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Trifa Hedayati-Hajikand, Ulrika Lundberg, Catarina Eldh, Svante Twetman Journal: BMC Oral Health | Published: September 24, 2015 | DOI:...

Nov 11 2019
A spontaneous lactate dehydrogenase deficient mutant of Streptococcus rattus for use as a probiotic in the prevention of dental caries

Authors: J.D. Hillman, E. McDonell, T. Cramm, C.H. Hillman, R.T. Zahradnik — Oragenics Inc., Alachua, FL; University of Illinois, Champaign,...

Nov 11 2019
Preliminary assessment of safety and effectiveness in the humans of ProBiora3, a probiotic mouthwash

Authors: R.T. Zahradnik, I. Magnusson, C. Walker, E. McDonell, C.H. Hillman, J.D. Hillman Affiliations: Oragenics Inc., Alachua, FL; Periodontal Disease...

Nov 11 2019
Effectiveness of CRT at Measuring the Salivary Level of Bacteria in Caries Print Children with Probiotic Therapy

Authors: Cannon M, Trent B, Vorachek A, Kramer S, Esterly R — Northwestern University and Ann and Robert H. Lurie...

Nov 11 2019
Dental whitening effect of an oral probiotic

Authors: Robert T. Zahradnik, Emily McDonell, Charles H. Hillman, Jeffrey D. Hillman — Oragenics, Inc., Alachua, FL Journal: Journal of...

Nov 08 2019
"Per-Patient" Analysis of the 2009 Published UF Clinical Study

Authors: Zahradnik RT et al. (Oragenics, Inc.) | Published: February 19, 2013 | Type: Internal White Paper / Retrospective AnalysisOverviewThe...

Feb 18 2013
The relationships between streptococcal species and periodontopathic bacteria in human dental plaque

Authors: J.D. Hillman, S.S. Socransky, Myra Shivers — The Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, MA Journal: Archives of Oral Biology |...

Dec 31 1984